文霭洁:一带一路设计应秉承绿色理念 提倡绿色融资

网易财经5月14日讯 在“一带一路”高峰论坛召开之际，网易财经专访了联合国开发计划署驻华代表处国别主任文霭洁女士。三十多年来，联合国开发计划署致力于利用其全球网络和发展经验，就民主治理，减贫与平等，能源与环境以及灾害管理等领域与其他机构进行合作。此外，联合国开发计划署还专门就南南合作展开工作，帮助中国与其它发展中国家分享发展经验。

文霭洁女士在专访中强调，“一带一路”的设计应当秉承着绿色原则和环境保护的理念，提倡绿色融资，在促进沿线国家经济发展的同时实现可持续发展。

2016年9月1日，联合国开发计划署与招商新能源签署战略合作协议，双方秉持共同的绿色清洁能源理念，在“一带一路”沿线建设熊猫电站，为沿线国家提供创新的能源解决方案。同时，为促进绿色能源的全面推广，联合国开发计划署将在“一带一路”沿线开展“可持续发展目标青年参与及创新计划”。

未来，联合国开发计划署将继续加快熊猫电站在“一带一路”沿线国家及地区落地实施，把中国的绿色理念输出到“一带一路”沿线，发挥中国新能源企业在国际舞台上的绿色领导力，在“一带一路”沿线国家打造可持续发展的绿色生态之路。

以下为访谈实录：

Netease Finance: How do you think about China’s “One Belt One Road” initiative, as the trend of anti-globalization and isolationism rises, how could “One Belt One Road” initiative work to promote globalization? And what challenges will we face in this process?

网易财经：您如何评价中国的“一带一路”倡议？在反全球化思潮抬头，孤立主义盛行之际，“一带一路”将会如何推进全球化进程？将会面临哪些挑战？

Ms.Agi: I think the B &R initiative put forward by China is essentially about shared vision for prosperity. So when we talk about what it’s trying to achieve, it’s really not only to achieve economic development and economic growth, but a way which is mutually beneficial for the countries participated. So I think the most important is not to look at it as a “globalization” or “anti-globalization” principle, but rather to look whether it is a mechanism that could help to create a multilateral platform for cooperation and bilateral arrangement for cooperation, essentially it will help these countries to grow economically, sustainably and benefit everybody in the countries and regions globally.

文霭洁：我认为中国提倡的“一带一路”本质上是一个有关发展繁荣的共同愿景。当我们谈到它想要实现的目标时，事实上它并不仅仅是要实现经济发展和增长，更是为参与的国家提供了一种互惠互利的方式。所以我认为我们不应把它看作是“全球化”或是“反全球化”的原则，而是要将它看作一个致力于建立多边合作的平台和双边合作的机制，本质上将有利于这些国家在经济上实现可持续发展，并使参与的各国和各地区受益。

Netease Finance: Currently, China has established 56 oversea economic trade and cooperative zones in 20 countries along the B & R. As an international organization, how will the UNDP help to participate in the economic and trade cooperation in “One Belt One Road”?

网易财经：目前，我国企业共在“一带一路”沿线20个国家建设56个境外经贸合作区。作为一个国际组织，请您谈谈联合国开发计划署将如何参与到“一带一路”的经贸合作中来？

Ms.Agi: From the UNDP’s perspective, what we find very important is the B & R initiative is really an enormous opportunity to achieve the sustainable development globally. So when we talk about special economic zones, when we talk about infrastructure, when we talk about other investments, what we would like to promote and where we can add value to the initiative is to ensure that these investments come with social public goods. That means for example, when the special economic zones are designed with green principles, with social and environmental sustainability, and they involved communities in the way that the communities can also benefit, that could improve the livelihoods of the communities, create jobs, and create green jobs. And I think if you look at these broad aspects, what indeed we can do is help identify some of the key elements for these investments to be successful not just from a profitable perspective, but also have social impact. And we can also help implement some of the projects on the grounds through our countries offices in every developing country to actually implement some development projects could go hand in hand with the investment projects.

文霭洁：从联合国开发计划署的角度来看，我们认为“一带一路”倡议是实现全球可持续发展的巨大机会。所以当我们谈论到经济自贸区、基础建设和投资时，我们想要推动和为“一带一路”提供价值的，就是确保这些投资投放在社会公共物品领域。也就是说，这些经济自贸区设计时就应当秉承着绿色原则，秉承着社会和环境可持续发展的理念，能够在让国家参与进来的同时让它们也能够受益，改善人民的生计，创造就业机会，尤其是绿色的就业机会。如果我们能够从这些方面这样看待这一倡议，那么这些投资是否成功的关键因素不仅仅是看它能否盈利，而是它们的社会价值。作为联合国开发计划署，我们也可以通过我们各国的办事处在发展中国家设立一些项目，一些能够跟投资项目同时进行的发展型项目。

Netease Finance: Infrastructure construction is the priority of “One Belt One Road” initiative. How do you think the countries along the road will be benefited from the construction of infrastructure facilitates along the B & R?

网易财经：基础设施建设是“一带一路”的优先建设领域。您认为“一带一路”的沿线国家将如何从基础设施建设中获益？

Ms.Agi: I really think infrastructure is a key element for development. Because without infrastructure, you really cannot take the advantage of the opportunity of trade. Infrastructure also helps to provide access to services, provide electricity. So it’s a very key element for any development. What is important to infrastructure is that we need to provide more and more green infrastructure, because why we may be benefit from infrastructure brings for connectivity, at the same time, if not that right, could also have some negative impact on the environment and so forth. So what we also looking at is how to have these environment and social risks removes from infrastructure projects, and have a more green and sustainable infrastructure created along the B&R. And if it’s done that way, I think it’s an opportunity not only for economic growth, but really set a new way of doing business regarding infrastructure investments.

文霭洁：我认为基础设施建设是发展的关键性因素，因为如果没有基础设施建设，你就不能利用贸易的机会获益。基础设施还有助于提供服务，提供电力设备，所以这对任何发展来说都是至关重要的。对于基础设施建设来说最重要的是我们需要提供越来越多的“绿色设施”。基础设施能够将沿线国家联通，从而使各国受益，但同时它也会对环境造成一些负面影响。所以我们应当重视的是如何将这些环境问题和社会风险从基础设施建设的项目中剥离出来，并且在沿线国家建立更加环保和可持续发展的基础设施。如果能够这样做的话，我相信“一带一路”就不仅仅是一个促进经济发展的机会，而是真正为基础设施投资提供了新的途径。

Netease Finance: The number of countries along “One Belt One Road” is numerous, and the level of economic development is also uneven, what do you think we should do to strike a balance among the countries with different economic and cultural background?

网易财经：“一带一路”沿线国家很多，经济发展水平也有相当大的差异，您认为“一带一路”在建设过程中如何考虑沿线国家各自不同的文化背景和经济发展需求？如何在其中达到一个平衡？

Ms.Agi: I think the B&R initiative is also an opportunity to really promote inclusiveness and equality. And when we think about these two principles, what’s very important is to respect the needs, priorities and demands of these developing countries. Some countries along the B&R may be more developed countries, their engagement and contribution could be different from developing countries that need a lot of investment and attract various industries and various investments. But what’s most important is that they has to really respond to their priorities. If you think about infrastructure, you think about investments. It should be come from the recipient countries as the demand. Second, you should also think about equality. That why I think the B & R is really a platform for cooperation, where countries can offer complementarity advantages. So even those may not have advanced industries they can offer other attractive investment opportunities, and provide a balance that actually everybody really benefits from such cooperation.

文霭洁：我认为“一带一路”倡议是真正促进包容和平等的机会。当我们考虑这两个原则时，最重要的是要尊重这些发展中国家的需求和优先权。“一带一路”的沿线国家有些是发达国家，他们的参与和贡献可能与发展中国家不同，发展中国家需要大量的投资，需要吸引更多的产业，所以重要的是必须回应来自这些国家的优先需求。当我们谈到基础建设和投资时，我们讨论的应该是资本接受国的需求。其次，我们同样需要关注平等原则。这也就是为什么我认为“一带一路”确实是一个合作的平台，各国之间可以提供互补性优势，所以即使是那些没有先进产业的国家，也可以提供其他具有吸引力的投资机会，并且达到一种平衡，让每个参与的人都能够受益于这种合作。

Netease Finance: “One Belt One Road” initiative is a project which costs huge investment, but it is mainly led by governments currently, how do you think we could attract the private capital? And how to combine national strategy with market demand?

网易财经：“一带一路”倡议花费了大量的投资，但当下“一带一路”基本还是由政府主导。您认为我们应该如何吸引民间投资？如何将国家战略与市场需求相结合？

Ms.Agi: It’s always challenging to find the balance between these various areas. But the engagement of the private sectors is extremely important. When we talk about development globally, estimate shows that to achieve sustainable development goals that 193 countries signed up for requires enormous investments, some estimate suggests 5 trillion dollars a year. So we look at the private sector, it’s not just so much as a challenge, but as an opportunity. That means there is enormous demand for investment from the private sector. So why there are initiatives by the governments and by the states, at the same time it opens up facilitates and easier doing business environment for the private sector, which could be more attractive for investors, lower their transactional costs. By the same time bringing by social impact and global public goods for the communities. So from UNDP’s perspective, what we also feel that we can offer some expertise and services is to bridge this gap, to look at what the developing countries really need, and how these investments can understand the local context of these countries, rely on analysis and data, to analyze their environment that make them more attractive for them. At the same time to respond the real demands and needs of these countries.

文霭洁：我认为在这些不同的领域之间找到平衡具有挑战性，但私营企业的参与确实是非常重要的。当我们讨论全球发展的状况时，调查显示193个国家签署的为实现可持续发展目标的协议需要大量投资，大概是每年5万亿美元。所以我们看待私营企业，这不仅仅是一个挑战，更是一个机会，意味着私营企业对投资有着巨大的需求。所以政府和国家都有倡议，同时也为私营企业提供了便利的营商环境和设备，降低了交易成本，这对投资者来说可能更有吸引力，同时也能够为国家带来社会价值和公共物品。从联合国开发计划署的角度来看，我们可以提供一些专业知识和服务，以弥补发达国家和发展中国家的差距。看看发展中国家真正需要的是什么，这些投资如何能够适应当地的情况，并且依靠数据来分析投资环境，使它们民间资本来说更有吸引力，同时来回应这些国家的实际需求。

Netease Finance: Since the “One Belt One Road” initiative was proposed in 2013, China has initiated and organized a series of financial institutions such as Silk Road Fund, AIIB, and BRICS Development Bank. What do you think the UNDP could do to help the participating countries to cooperate with each other regarding financial and investment institutions?

网易财经：自2013年“一带一路”战略提出以来，中国先后倡导和组织成立了丝路基金、亚投行、金砖国家开发银行等一系列金融机构，并引导“一带一路”沿线国家的项目投资。在金融机构的建设方面，联合国开发计划署将如何促进参与国家进行合作？

Ms.Agi: You know in the B & R forum UNDP is finalizing an action plan with the Chinese government through NDRC. And part of the action plan is actually offering some of these services and support for engaging with financial institutions and investments. One of the areas is to have the proper analysis that could have some input for decision making for these financial institutions on where to invest and how to invest, and on top it to promote green investment. Green financing is becoming a very important aspect, so if these financial institutions can adapt the green financing mechanisms and principles, that can also be very helpful for the recipient countries.

文霭洁：在“一带一路”高峰论坛中，联合国开发计划署将通过中国政府和国家发改委完成一项行动计划，其中一部分就是为金融机构和投资提供服务支持。其中一个方面是通过适当的分析，为这些金融机构的投资地点和投资方式提供决策依据，并最大限度地推动绿色融资。绿色融资正在成为金融合作中非常重要的一个方面，所以如果这些金融机构能够适应绿色融资的机制和原则，对于资本接受国也是很有帮助的。

Netease Finance: You know now there are many regional cooperative organizations in the world such as TPP, ASEAN, NAFTA and so on. So how do you think “One Belt One Road” initiative could be different from the existing organizations? And how could we have our advantage?

网易财经：您知道现在全世界有很多区域性的合作组织，比如TPP、东盟、北美自由贸易协定等等。您认为“一带一路”倡议和现有的组织相比有什么不同？我们应当如何发挥自己的优势？

Ms.Agi: I actually think the B & R is a little bit different from these because it’s not an organization with particular rules, it’s a platform, and it’s really a new way about transforming global governance. It’s essentially offering an alternative to some of the mechanisms, not as competition but rather as a way of cooperating, that is based on a really more flexible and bilateral arrangements but at the same time offering a multilateral platform for dialogue, for policy harmonization, and really have a common understanding of what’s mutual beneficial investments. We are just publishing the global governance report at the B & R forum, and the report is really looking at some of the issues, how the B & R initiative can provide these governance mechanism, how the B & R initiative can really be an accelerator for globally achieving the sustainable development goals.

文霭洁：我认为“一带一路”与这些现有的组织是有不同的，因为它并不是一个具有特定规则的组织，而是一个平台，也是能够改变全球治理方式的新途径。本质上来说它可以成为某些机制的替代，是一种合作的方式，而不是对现有体系的挑战或竞争。这种平台是基于一种更加灵活和双边的机制，同时提供一个多边对话的平台，去进行政策协调，并且真正在互惠投资上达成共识。我们将会在“一带一路”高峰论坛上发布一份全球治理报告，报告中会谈及“一带一路”倡议如何提供治理机制，如何成为全球实现可持续发展目标的加速器。

Netease Finance: As “One Belt One Road” initiative has been gradually developed, we also face security dilemma and diversity of values among the countries. What challenges do you think we will face and how do you think the countries along the B & R should cooperate to defend these risks?

网易财经：随着“一带一路”规划中沿线国家和项目不断发展，我们也会遇到安全威胁和各国价值观差异的问题。您认为我们在这个过程中将会遇到怎样的挑战？沿线国家应当如何合作以化解这类风险？

Ms.Agi: I really agree with you that there are also challenges related to B & R initiative, and a lot of these come from perhaps unbalancing information and understanding. So one of the things is really to make sure that everybody understands what the initiative is about, what kind of opportunities it offers, but what risks come with it. And I think if there is a common understanding that if based on common engagement. So what the UNDP is also offering is help with facilitating this kind of dialogue, that essentially bring together the recipient countries and participating countries so that they can have a common understanding, a common vision, that harmonize their policies, harmonize their trade objectives, harmonize other exchanges that really to various aspects to connectivity.

文霭洁：我认同你所说的“一带一路”在建设的过程中将会遇到挑战，其中很多可能是信息不对称和不能达成共识带来的问题。所以我们要确保大家都明白这个倡议的本质是什么，它将会提供怎样的机会，而不是存在怎样的风险。我认为如果能够达成一个共同的理解，就会有共同的参与。联合国开发计划署也会帮助促进这种对话，本质上是将东道主国家和参与国聚集在一起，使他们能够达成共同的理解，共同的愿景，去协调各个国家的政策，协调贸易的目标和其他的交流，从而实现各方面真正的联通。

（采访、整理：李兆元 bjlizhaoyuan@corp.netease.com）